Stock Market vs Commodity Market: What Are the Differences? - Wint Wealth (2024)

A wide variety of asset classes are available in today’s financial markets.Stocks and commodities are amongst some of the most popular asset classes.

Although they may function similarly, there are significant differences between the two asset classes. While investors in stock markets focus more on capital gains, traders use commodities mainly for hedging against price fluctuations (in the underlying commodities).

In this article, we will cover the differences between the stock market and the commodity market, understand all relevant concepts pertaining to them and visit the main parameters to be considered while choosing the more suitable option for you.

What Is the Stock Market?

The stock market is a financial market where shares are bought and sold.When you purchase a stock, you get partial ownership of the company proportional to the number of shares/units of stock you purchase.

Since stocks represent an individual’s ownership in a company, they grant voting rights to the stock-holder/shareholder regarding company issues. Shareholders gain access to the company’s earnings when the company issues dividends. Shares are tradable, and investors can make capital gains by selling their stock investments when the stock’s value increases.

Since one cannot directly buy stocks from already listed companies, stocks are to be purchased via a stock exchange from investors who already hold shares.

The stock market or equity market is the marketplace where buying and selling of equities, derivatives, exchange-traded funds, mutual funds, and other assets occurs. Stock markets are highly volatile. This means that price movements of securities can change anytime depending on factors such as supply and demand, inflation, interest rates, geo-political factors, etc.

There are multiple stock exchanges present within a country’s stock market. Stock exchanges are marketplaces where shares are listed and exchanged between buyers and sellers. The two major stock exchanges in India are National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) regulates the Indian stock markets and exchanges.

You must have a Demat account and a trading account with a SEBI-regulated broker to trade in stock markets. Knowing the basic principles of stock markets is vital before diving into the differences between stock markets and commodity markets.

Also Read:

What Is the Commodity Market?

Commodity markets deal in the buying and selling of commodities. Commodities are physical resources that hold intrinsic value and include all tradeable objects, excluding cash. The value of commodities depends upon several factors, such as geopolitics, supply and demand, seasonality, etc.

Commodity markets deal in both hard and soft commodities. These two categories are described below.

  • Hard Commodities: These are the goods which are used in the production of more refined products. For instance, iron and coal are hard commodities since they are further processed during manufacturing.
  • Soft Commodities: On the other hand, these commodities can be used/consumed immediately. For instance, you can consume food products such as rice and wheat without further processing.

You can trade commodities electronically via derivatives in a marketplace. The various ways to trade in commodities are listed below.

  • Physical trading
  • Futures contracts
  • Commodity stocks
  • Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), Exchange Traded Notes (ETNs), and mutual funds based on commodities
  • Commodity pools

Futures contracts are the most popular way to trade commodities. Two parties participating in a futures contract are obligated to execute the transaction at a predetermined date and price. This is a more feasible way of trading commodities than physical trading.

Commodities are suitable as a hedge against inflation and thereby help diversify your portfolio. While learning about stock markets and commodity markets, it is also vital to know about the various commodity exchanges present in India. They are regulated by the Forward Markets Commission (FMC)The major exchanges are listed below.

  • Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX)
  • National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX)
  • National Multi Commodity Exchange of India (NMCE)

Also Read: The Basic Concepts of Trading and Demat Accounts

Differences in the Stock Market and Commodity Market

Now that we have gone through the basic principles of stock and commodity markets, we will briefly probe into the differences between the two. The table below draws a comparison of stock markets vs commodity markets.

Basis of ComparisonStock MarketsCommodity Markets
Purpose of InvestmentThe purpose is to invest in company shares that provide capital gains and dividends.In contrast, the primary purpose is to trade physical resources such as iron, wheat, gold, etc. Investors use commodities to hedge against fluctuating prices and diversify their portfolios.
Ownership of AssetsInvesting in stocks gives you partial ownership of the company.Direct exposure to commodities gives the investor ownership rights.
Product TypesStocks represent fractional ownership of a company.Commodities represent actual physical products, such as gold, wheat, etc., with qualitative differences.
SupplyStock supplies are almost fixed.No fixed supply of commodities.
Pricing FactorsEquity prices largely depend upon factors such as the company’s performance, economy, government policies, etc.Commodity prices depend on factors such as supply and demand, seasonality, inflation, etc.
Risks AssociatedStocks are subjected to systematic risk, which affects all stocks equally.On the other hand, commodities are subject to idiosyncratic risk, which is commodity specific.
DividendsProfits made by the company are distributed to the shareholders in the form of dividends.Due to the lack of ownership of the underlying asset, commodity trading does not offer dividends.
LiquidityMore liquid assets as compared to commodities.Less liquid than stocks.
Margin RequirementLower margin requirement.Higher margin requirement than the stock market.
Trading HoursTrading hours for the stock market are 9:15 AM – 3:30 PM for both BSE and NSE.You can trade Agri Commodities from 10:00 AM – 5:00 PM.All others can be traded from 9:00 AM – 11:30 PM.
Tools AvailableStocks, Futures and Options.Physical Commodities, Futures and Options.
Trading StrategiesStocks are used in day trading as well as long-term investing.Commodities are often traded in futures contracts which expire every month.
DiversificationPrices of equities can be correlated to other equity instrument(s).The risk profile is diversified due to commodity prices being unrelated to one another.
Regulatory BodiesThe Security & Exchanges Board of India (SEBI) regulates the stock market.The Forward Markets Commission (FMC) regulates the commodity market.

Also Read: Trade in the Indian Commodity Markets

Final Word

The differences between stock markets vs commodity markets discussed above can help you decide which would be more suitable for your investment goals. While commodity trading is excellent for short-term investments, stock trading is ideal for long-term investments.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is there any similarity between stock and commodity markets?

Yes, one factor that affects both the stock market and commodity market similarly is interest rates. A change in interest rates impacts rate-sensitive stocks and the holding costs of commodity inventories.

Among stocks and commodities, which are considered riskier?

Stock markets are considered risky investments. However, compared to commodity markets, they are said to be less risky since stock investing is more long-term.

What are the major stock exchanges in India?

The two major stock exchanges in India are National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).

Stock Market vs Commodity Market: What Are the Differences? - Wint Wealth (2024)

FAQs

Stock Market vs Commodity Market: What Are the Differences? - Wint Wealth? ›

The stock market is generally more stable and less volatile than the commodity market. The commodity market can be very volatile with wild price movements. The shares that you purchase can be held indefinitely forever or for less than a day.

What is the difference between stock market and commodity market? ›

Stocks denote company ownership, while commodities represent goods that include agricultural products, metals, oil, etc. Both these asset classes reserve sizeable profit-making potential. However, they are traded in different marketplaces.

What is the difference between money market and commodity market? ›

Money market and commodity market are two important segments of the financial market. The money market is a platform for short-term borrowing and lending of funds, while the commodity market is a platform for buying and selling commodities such as gold, silver, crude oil, and agricultural products.

What is the difference between a stock exchange and a commodity exchange? ›

A commodity exchange is a platform where commodities such as metals, energy, and agricultural products are bought and sold. On the other hand, a stock exchange is a marketplace where investors trade stocks, bonds, and other securities.

What is the difference between investing in stocks and investing in commodities? ›

Because commodity prices usually rise when inflation is accelerating, investing in commodities may provide portfolios with a hedge against inflation. In contrast, stocks and bonds tend to perform better when the rate of inflation is stable or slowing.

How are commodities traded differently than stocks? ›

Stocks are used in day trading as well as long-term investing. Commodities are often traded in futures contracts which expire every month. Prices of equities can be correlated to other equity instrument(s). The risk profile is diversified due to commodity prices being unrelated to one another.

Are commodities riskier than stocks? ›

Because the supply and demand characteristics change frequently, volatility in commodities tends to be higher than for stocks, bonds, and other types of assets. Some commodities show more stability than others, such as gold, which also serves as a reserve asset for central banks to buffer against volatility.

What currencies are backed by commodities? ›

Commodity currencies are most prevalent in developing countries (eg. Burundi, Tanzania, Papua New Guinea). In the foreign exchange market, commodity currencies generally refer to the New Zealand dollar, Norwegian krone, South African rand, Brazilian real, Russian ruble and the Chilean peso.

Why is money not a commodity? ›

In contrast, the essence of commodity is that it is the unity of a specifi c social form of its natural usefulness (use-value) and of its socio-economic moment (value). Money is not a commodity since it has neither value nor use-value.

Is US currency a commodity money? ›

Fiat money is a government-issued currency that is not backed by a commodity such as gold. Fiat money gives central banks greater control over the economy because they can control how much money is printed. Most modern paper currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, are fiat currencies.

What is the difference between commodity market and currency market? ›

While buying and selling of currencies depends on factors such as trade flows, tourism and geopolitical situations, commodities trade is driven by demand and supply.

Is commodity trading better than stock trading? ›

Would-be commodities traders should carefully consider their risk management compared to stock trading. We have seen that certain assets, such as oil, can be extremely volatile. Additionally, as the margin requirement for commodities is much lower than for stocks, there is a potential for heavier losses in commodities.

How do commodity exchanges make money? ›

Commodities, however, do not offer dividends. Instead, commodity returns are primarily generated from profits made from buying low and selling high. In addition, investors in commodity futures can gain or lose from commodity futures contracts.

What is the difference between a stock market and a commodity market? ›

Stock markets focus on capital appreciation and profits, while commodity markets focus on hedging against price fluctuations.

What is a disadvantage of investing in the commodities market? ›

Uncontrollable factors such as inflation, weather, political unrest, foreign events, new technologies and even rumors can have devastating consequences to the price of a commodity. Investors investing in commodities must be able to bear a total loss of their investment. Speculative risks.

Why do commodities do well in inflation? ›

One theory suggests commodity prices respond quickly to general economic shocks such as increases in demand. The second is that changes in prices reflect systemic shocks, such as hurricanes which can decimate the supply of agricultural products and subsequently increase supply costs.

What is commodity market in simple words? ›

A commodity market is where you can buy and sell goods taken from the earth, from cattle to gold, oil to oranges, and orange juice to wheat. Commodities can be turned into products like baked goods, gasoline, or high-end jewelry, which in turn are bought and sold by consumers and other businesses.

Why is commodity trading better? ›

Protects against inflation

With increase in the demand for goods and services in the market, manufacturers need to increase the use of raw materials, which increases their prices. . Invest in commodities will help you maintain parity with increasing prices and provide a good hedge against inflation.

What are the three types of commodities? ›

There are three major types of commodities; agriculture, energy, and metals. These three are differentiated in the means of accessing them. The means of accessing them is based on whether they are hard or soft.

What is considered a commodity stock? ›

Commodity stocks are companies involved in the excavation or nurturing of natural resources that are processed and packaged for resale. There are two types of commodities: hard and soft. Hard commodities are natural metals that are mined or extracted from the planet – such as gold, oil, copper and natural gas.

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